Broaching



Jan. 22, 1924.

G. J. RUSSELL BROAC'HING Filed July 16 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 G. ,1. RUSSELL Jan. 22

BROAYCHING Filed July 16 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet z r A i w NN wwmvw Jane 22 1924.

, v 1,481,437 G. J. RUSSELL BROACHING Filed. July 16, 1921 4 She ets-Sheet 5 Z NQ V2 va w Qhikhk N Q Pg 5? Q @Q All fi a Q Jan, 22,1924, 1,431,432.

G. J. RUSSELL v BROACHING 4 Filed y s. 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 22, E24.

in r I GEORGE J. RUSSELL, F LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

BROACHING.

Application filed July 16, 1921 Serial No. 485,363.

To all whom, it may concern! Be it known that l, GEORGE J. RUSSELL, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Broaching, of which the following'is a specification. 1

This invention relates to a method and 1e apparatus for broaching articles and has for its objects to increase the rate of broaching, to make the operations entirely automatic, and generally to improve the art of breaching.

' According to the present invention the articles are continually and automatically passed overthe broach and thence automatically removed from the broach at the same rate. A series of articles are on the broach at any time and this series is added to at one end and subtracted from at the other end continually and automatically. Thus the broach floats on or is supported by the stock. a

In a more specific aspect the invention is characterized as follows: lhe stock is received by a die carrier which moves the stock forward into operative contact with the broach until the broaching operation is completed. lihe die carrier then retracts leaving the broached stock in a position to support the broach. When the die carrier again moves forward with more stock it forces the previously deposited stock farther along under the broach which continues to be suppor'ted by the stock already broached.

As the operation continues the stock is fi nally forced ofi' the other end of the broach and is ejected from the machine.

In order that the broach may'remain stationary a movable abutment is provided which moves forward against the broach and is arranged to hold the latter against movement endwise, tipping, angular or circumferential, as well as to properly center it when the die carriermoves forward with carrier and all angular movements either in an axlal plane as 1n tlppmg or in a transverse plane such as a circumferential movemerit must be prevented since otherwise the "broach. A further object is to provide positive ejecting means for the broached stock.

The aforesaid and other objects of the invention will be clearly set forth in the detailed description of the machine illustrated in theaccompanying drawings which embodies the essential features of the invention. V

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a piece of stock operated upon showing in broken lines the cuts made by the broach;

' Fig. 4 is a vertical section through a portion of the machine showing the broach and associated parts;

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are views similar to Fig. 4 showing the parts in difierent positions and illustrating the operation of the machine;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view on the line 83 of .Fig. v 5;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line 99 of Flg. 5;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 8 showing a modification of means for holding the broach against movement; 7

ig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 9 showing another modification;

Fig. 12 is a detail view showing in perspective and partly in section the mod1fied means for preventing movement shown in Fig. 11; and

, ig. 13 is a detail elevational view of the operating means for the abutment member.

The particular embodiment of the invention shown for the purpose of illustration is a machine for broaching circular stock such as is indicated by reference character a, and shown in Fig. 3; The machine comprises a bed 14 supported upon legs 15 and provided with a central recess in which the operative parts of the machine are housed. Supported in bearings 16 attached to the under-side of the bed is a shaft 17, to which posite to the gear is keyed a disc 25 provided with cam slot 26. Mounted upon the side of the bed by means of pivot 27 is a link 28 having a slot 29 throu h which the pivot 27 projects. At one en the link is provided with a roller 30 adapted to operate in cam slot 26 in disc 25. The other end of the linkis attached to a crank 31 by pivot pin 32, the crank being keyed upon a shaft 33 in parallel relation to main shaft 22 but at the other end of the machine.

The operative parts of the machine, which consist of a broach, a reciprocating die carrier, and a reciprocating abutment for the. broach, and which are mounted within the central recess of the bed, will now be described, reference being had in particular to Figs. 47. Attached to crank 24 (Fig. 2) is a pitman 34 connected to die carrier 35 through pivot 36. The die carrier is provided with ribs not shown) at either side sliding in guide'slots 37 (Figs. 6 and 7). The diecarrier is hollowed out and has two bores, the outer one 38 being of reater diameter than the inner one 39. hese bores provide an opening in which the broaching tool is nested when the die carrier "moves forward into operative position. Housed in outer bore. 38 is a bushing 40 whose inne'i' periphery is beveled as indicated by reference character 41 on the end which contacts with shoulder 42. The bushing 40 extends beyond the end of die carrier 35 and the upper portion of the die carrier is cut awayto provide a rest for a semi-circular retaining member 43-having a chute 4,4 for feeding the stock to be operated upon. This retaining member 43 is bolted to the die carrier and holds a bushing or liner 45 adapted to fit within the outer end of bushing 40 and to extend beyond the same. The lower portion of the bushing or liner 45 has a semi-circular extension upon which is placed the die 46, also held in place by the removable retain'ng member 43.

G nnecting the sides of the bed is a web member 47 shown in cross section in Figs. 8 to 11. This web member has a semi-circular recess 48 (Fig. 9) over which is secured by bolts 51, a cap member 49 having a coaxial semi-circular recess 50. Within the cooperating semi-circular recesses of the web teeth 55. The opposite end of the broach has a squared axial recess 56.

Slidable in a suitable bearing in the bed of the machine at the rear of the broach is the abutment 57. Abutment 57 is provided with a squared extension 58 which fits W in the squared recess 56 of the broach when the abutment is in its operative osition. The extension 58 forms with the, a utment member itself a shoulder '59 which is adapted to contact and press against the rear end of m i the broach and hold the same against move-- ment when the stock is forced forward across the teeth of the broach by the die carrier. Slidably mounted upon the abutment 57 is a collar 60 the range of movement M of which is limited by pin 61 operating in slot 62, the collar being held in its forward position by coil springs 63. Attached to cap member 49 isa spring ejector 64 adapted to press down upon the broached stock as W I it is forced off the rear end of the broach and to eject the same from the machine 01f retraction of the abutment. The spring ejector 64 has its lower end provided with a cam surface-65 which permits the spring ejector to be raised by collar 60 when the abutment moves forward. To permit the finished stock I) to be ejected from the mac'hine the bed has an opening 66 directly below spring ejector 65.

large portion of the fragments so produced 1 will be deposited within the bores of the die carrier. For this reason the inner end of the bushing 40 is beveled as already described producing at one point an enlargement of the chamber into Which'the broach extends. The bottompf the die carrier is preferably provided with an opening 67 through which the chi s and fragements fall to the bed of the mac inc and are removed by any suitable means. Directly below the.

cutting end of the broach is an opening 68 into which a pipe is threaded to be used for a blast of air for removing chips from the teeth of the broaching tool when .the-

die carrier is retracted. When the broach.

ing tool is used for broaching metal stock,

an oil spray may be substituted for the blast of-air. V i

The operative connection of the abutment with the main shaftof the machine is made by means of the pitman 69 (Fig. 13) which is pivotally attached to a crank 70 ositioned near the center of shaft'33 whic in turn is connected to the main shaft through link 28 and cam disc 25. It is to be noted that when the crank is on. dead-center the abutment is in contact with the broach and that the crank is on dead-center at the time of the forward thrustof the die carrier.

An important feature of the invention involves holding the broach during the broaching operation against all angular movements either in an axial plane, as in tipping, or in a transverse plane such as a circumferential movement. There are various ways of accomplishin this object. In the form of the invention ust described the long squared extension 58, cooperating with the squared recess 56 in the broaching tool and the contacting of the shoulder 59 of the abutment member with the broaching tool, accomplish this result. Other means are shown in the modifications illustrated in Figs. 10, 11 and 12. Fig. 10 is a cross section through the die member and clearly shows projecting guide ribs 71 on the inner periphery of the die member co-acting with guide slots 72 in the broach. These projections may be either square or rounded in cross-section. In Figs. 11 and 12 a modification of the co-actin portions of the abutment member and t e broaching tool is shown, reference character 73 indicating a cross-bar extension upon the abutment adapted to register with corresponding slots 74 in the end of the broach. A centering nipple is also provided on the abutment to co-act with a corresponding recess 7 6 on the broach to insure proper centering of the operative parts of the machine.

The operation of the machine is briefly as follows: Referring first to Fig. 7 the relative positions of the operative parts of the machine are shown at the end of one broaching operation and just before the beginning of another. In this figure the die carrier and the abutment member are completely retracted and a broached piece of stock is dropping out of the machine. A

new piece of stock is about to drop through chute 44 upon the. semi-circular extension of bushing 45 and directly in front of die 46 on the die carrier 35. Fig. 4 showsthe die carrier u on its forward stroke with the teeth of t e broaching tool beginning to cut into newly deposited piece of stock. Abutment member 57 is ressed against the rear end of broach 53 holding the same stationary and properly centered as the die carrier moves forward. Fig. 5 shows the osition of the parts at the completion ofthe lorward stroke of the die, carrier. The new piece of stock has now been completely broached and has forced the row of already broached pieces of stock, which are supporting the broaching tool 53, forward so that the last piece of stock in the row has been forced off the broaching tool under the ejecting member 64. It is to be noted that the collar 60 is now pressed back so that pin 61 contacts with one end of slot 62 and the collar is wholl out of contact with the broach. Fig. 6 shows the die carrier retracted and the abutment member partially retracted, the piece of stock under the ejecting member being held only by the pressure of the spring-pressed collar 60. In Fig. 7 the abutment member is completely retracted, the collar no longer contacts with the piece of stock, and the ejecting member64 has acted upon it and thrown it from the machine.

While the chute 44 is shown as adapted to feed one piece of stock at a time to the die carrier, it has been found by actual experiment that the machine works equally well when the stock is fed in multiples of two or mere. Aside from making the parts of proper strength the only limit to the number of pieces of stock which can be fed and operated upon at one stroke of the die carrier appears to be that set by the difiiculty in removing the chips and fragments of material cut away by the broaching teeth. The machine herein described is adapted for general use in broaching articles of different sizes. By removing retaining member 43 bushings 40 and 45 and die 46 can be readily taken out and new ones of a different size inserted. In a like manner by removing cap member 49 the broach 53 and the bearing liners 52 can be taken out and new ones of a size corresponding to the new die may be inserted. The fact that the pipe 68 has already been described as to be used for a jet of air when stock of a relatively soft 2' nature such as fibre is being broached, and

for an oil spray when metal stock is being broached likewise indicates the adaptability of the machine for stockof difierent materials as well as of difi'erent sizes.

- I claim:

a 1. The method of broaching which comprises continually feeding articles over a broach from one end and concomitantly removing the broached articles from the other end at the same rate.

2. The method of broaching which comprises placing a series of articles on a broach, continually adding articles to the series from one end, and concomitantly removing broached articles from the other end at the same rate.

3. The method of broaching which comprises placing a series of articles on a broach, and recurrently advancing the series step by step by forcing articles over the broach, thereby simultaneously forcing the foremost articles ofi the broach.

4. The method of broaching which comprises recurrently feeding articles over one end of a broach, simultaneously holdin the broach against endwise movement, an alternately removing broached articles from the other end of the broach.

5. The method of broaching which comv comprises recurrently feedin prises recurrently passin articles over a roach and removing theiroached articles, and counteracting the thrust of the articles on the broach while permitting the unobstructed removal of the broached articles.

6. The method of broaching stock which articles over one end of a broach, supporting the broach upon the articles fed thereon, holding the broach against endwise movement as the articles are fed thereover and alternately removing broached articles from the other end of the broach.

7. The method of broaching which comprises recurrently passing articles over a broach andremoving the broached articles, supporting the broach on the articles passed therealong, and counteracting the thrustof the articles on the broach while permitting the unobstructed removal of the broached articles. r'

8. The method of broaching stock which is'characterizedby feeding the stock to one end of a broach, and forcing. the stock along the broach and off at the other end;

9. The method of broaching stock comprising supporting the broach upon stock already broached, forcing new stock along the broach to displace the stock already broached, and holding the broach stationary during the broaching operation.

10. The method of broaching stock comprising feeding the stock over the broach, forcing the stock along the broach to perform the broaching operation, and supporting the broach upon the stock during the broaching operation.

11. The method of broaching stock comprising feeding the stock to the broach at one end, forcing the stock along the broach to performthe broaching operation and oil at the other end. andl supporting the broa ch upon the stockduring the broaching operation.

12. The method of broaching stock which comprises passing the stock over and along the broach from one end tothe other, and

supporting the broach on the stock while the latter is being passed therealong.

13. The method of broaching circular stock which comprises continually forcing the stock over and lengthwise of the broach from end to end, and supporting the broach on the stock forced therealong. 1

14. The method of continually broaching stock which comprises feeding the stock to the broach, forcing the stock along the broach to perform the broaching operation, supporting the broach upon the stock, and forcing the stock from the end of the broach. p 15'. The method of broaching stock which comprises continually feeding the stock upon one end of the broach, forcing. the stock along the broach so that the broaching operation is performed, supporting the broach upon the stock as it is forced along,

and ejecting the broached stock from the other end of the broach.

16. In a broaching machine, a broach and means for forcing stock into, operative contact with the broach, said broach being constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock.

17 In a broaching machine, a broach, means for forcing stock into operative contact with the broach and means for supplying stock to the forcing means, said broach being constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock.

18; In a broaching machine, a broach, reciprocating means for forcing stock into operative contact with the broach, said broach being adapted to be supported by the stock.

19.- In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on; and means for holding said broach against endwise movement.

20. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, and means for holding said broach against angular movement.

21. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, and means for holding said broach against circumferential movement. I

22. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, and means for holding said broach against both endwise and angular movement.

structed and arranged to be supported upon 1 the stock operated on, and means for holding said broach against both endwise and circumferential movement. g 24. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, and means for holding said broach against both angular and circumferential movement.

25. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, and means for holding said broach against endwise tipping I and circumferential movement.

26. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, means for forcing stock into operative contact with the broach and means for holding the broach against movement durin the broaching operation.

27. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, means for forcing stock into operative contact with the broach and reciprocating means for holding the broach against movement during the broachlngoperation. 9

28. In a broaching machine, means for supporting the stock, a broach arranged to be supported by the stock, and an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with the broach.

29. In a broaching machine, means for supporting the stock, a broach arranged to be supported-by the stock in fixed positionin the machine, and an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with the broach to hold the broach in fixed position during the broaching operation.

be supported by the stock in fixed position in the machine, an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with the broach to hold the broach in fixed position during the broaching operation, and cooperating. means on the abutment and on the broach to prevent angular movement of the latter.

32. In a broaching machine, means for supporting the stock, a broach arranged to be supported by the stock, an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with the broach, and cooperating means on the abutment and on the broach to prevent circumferential movement of the latter.

33. In a broaching machine, means for supporting the stock, a broach arranged to be supported by the stock, an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with the broach, and means for forcing the stock from the broach and out of th machine.

84. In a broaching machine, means for supporting the stock, a broach arranged to be supported by the stock in fixed position in the machine, an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with the broach to hold the broachiin fixed position during the broaching operation, means for forcing the stock from the broach, and means for ejecting the stock from the machine."

35. In a broaching machine, a broach, intermittent broach engagin means for retaining the broach in fixe position in the machine, and a reciprocating die carrier for forcing stock over said broach to produce the broaching operation.

36. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed' and arranged to be supported in the machine by the stock forced thereover a die carrier arrangedto reciprocate toward mama? and from said broach to force stock over said broach to produce the broaching operation, and an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with said broach to hold the latter against movement during the broaching operation.

37. Ina broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported in the machine by the stock forced thereover, a die carrier arranged to reciprocate toward and from said broach to force stock over said broach to produce the broaching operation, an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with said broach to hold th latter against movement during the broaching operation, and ejecting means for said stock arranged to operate when said abutment has reached its retracted position.

38. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported in the machine by the stock forced thereover, a die carrier arranged to reciprocate toward and from said broach to force stock over said broach to produce the broaching operation, an abutment adapted to reciprocate to and from operative engagement with said broach to hold the latter against movement during the broaching operatiomand means for supplying stock to said die carrier.

39. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, and means for removing chips from the teeth of the broaching tool.

40. In a broaching machine, a broach constructed and arranged to be supported upon the stock operated on, and means for directing a jet of air toward the broach for removing chips therefrom.

41. In abroaching machine, a broach, a die carrier, a recess therein to receive said broach and an opening in the lower part of said die carrier communicating with said recess to permit the chips made by the broach to fall out.

42. In a broaching machine, a broach, a die carrier, a recess therein to receive said broach, said recess having an enlargement between its ends to accommodate the chips made by the broach.

43. In a broaching machine, a broach, a

die carrier, a recess therein to receive saidbroach, said recess having an enlargement between its ends to accommodate the chips made by the broach, and an opening in the lower part of said die carrier communicat ing with said recess to permit the chips made by the broach to fallout.

' 44. A machine of the character described having a floating broach, means intermittently engaging the broach for holding the latter in positlon, means for forcin work ieces over the broach while held y said rst means, and an ejector operable intermediate the intermittent holding engagements of the broach; V

45. A machine of the character described including a work support, a breach floatable within the support, means for forcing work along the broach and beyond the breaching support, means for holding the broach during the forcing operation, and a spring ejector member carried by the support for laterally displacing completed work articles as they are-shifted beyond the broach.

46. A machine of the character described including .a work support and a broach floatable within the support, means for forcing work articles over the broach, means for intermittently engaging and steadying the broach, yielding means engaging the completed work pieces during the steadying of K the broach, means for withdrawing said scribed the combination with a reciprocating tool steadying member of a work steadying member associating therewith and means for sequentially withdrawing said parts from operative position.

48. A machine of the character described including a support through whichthe work passes, a work engaging tool adapted to float on the work, work forcing and tool steadying means, and means for concomitantly shifting the forcing and steadying means into and out of e a ing position.

Signed by me at Loweli ass., this 14th day of July, 1921.

' GEORGE J. RUSSELL. 

